|
- COMBUSTION SOURCES -
|
| Municipal waste
incinerators |
Biogas combustion |
Carbon reactivation |
| Open burning
of domestic waste |
Pulp &
paper mill – kraft black liquor recovery boilers |
Forest &
brush fires |
| Medical waste
incinerators |
Combustion
of landfill gas |
Waste tire
combustion |
| Hazardous waste
incinerators
Dedicated (commercial & on-site)
Industrial boilers/furnaces
|
Cement Kilns
Conventional fuels
Hazardous waste
|
Accidental
fires
Structural fires
Vehicle fires
PCB fires
Landfill fires
|
| Petroleum refining
catalyst regeneration |
Pulp &
paper mill sludge incineration |
Cigarette smoking |
| Light –
weight aggregate kilns |
Lime kilns |
Crematoria |
| Sewage sludge
incinerators |
Asphalt mixing
plants |
Candles |
| Kraft Mill
Wood Residue Boilers |
|
CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
|
| Chlorine &
chlorine dioxide
Bleaching pulp & paper mills
|
Mono-to tetrachlorophenols |
Chloranil |
| Elemental chlorine |
Pentachloro
phenol |
Printing Inks |
| Sodium hypochlorite |
Chlorobenzenes |
Tetrachlorobisphenol-A |
| Metal chlorides
Iron chlorides
Aluminium chlorides
Copper chlorides
|
Ethylene dichloride/vinyl
Chloride monomer (EDC/VCM)
|
Alkylamine
tetrachlorophenate |
| PCB’s
(leak and spills) |
Polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) |
Chlorinated
pesticides |
| Dioxazine dyes
& pigments |
|
2,4 –
D |
| Phthalocyanine
dyes & pigments |
|
POWER/ENERGY GENERATION
|
| Oil combustion
Industrial/Utility
Residential/Commercial
|
Motor vehicle fuel combustion
Leaded gasoline
Unleaded gasoline
Diesel fuel
|
Wood combustion
Industrial; & residential
Waste wood
salt-soaked
preservative-treated
PVC-clad
|
| Coal combustion
Electric utilities/industrial
Residential/commercial
|
|
METAL SMELTING & REFINING & PROCESSING
|
| Primary nonferrous
metals |
Secondary nonferrous
metals |
Iron &
steel production |
| Magnesium |
Aluminium |
Ore sintering |
| Nickel |
Copper |
Coke production |
| Aluminium |
Lead |
Electric arc
furnaces |
| Copper |
Scrap electric
wire recovery |
Ferrous foundries |
| Drum &
barrel reclamation furnaces |
|
BIOLOGICAL & PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
|
| Biotransformation
of chlorophenols and highly chlorinated dioxins & furans |
| Phototransformation
of chlorophenols |
| Photolysis
of highly chlorinated dioxins & furans |
|
RESERVOIR SOURCES
|
| Sediments |
Forests |
Landfills |
| Soils |
Pentachlorophenol-treated
wood |
|
